Abstract
Belarus, ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), txuas ntxiv mus niaj hnub no nws cov peev xwm tsim khoom noj qaib. Tus nqi tsim khoom noj yog 50-60% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi khoom tsiaj txhu, ua rau kev siv tshuab ua kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tsab xov xwm no tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuab pellet ring die siv rau broiler pub, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau qhov kev ua kom raug thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm pellet. Nws kuj tshuaj xyuas seb cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb ring die - piv txwv los ntawm Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. - daws cov kev cai thiab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev lag luam Belarusian.
1. Keeb Kwm Kev Lag Luam: Belarus thiab EAEU Feed Machinery Market
Belarus xa khoom ntau heev ntawm nws cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb, suav nrog cov khoom siv ua zaub mov. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov tshuab tau raug xaiv los ntawm peb pawg khoom xa tuaj saum toj kawg nkaus, tom qab roj av thiab cov khoom siv thauj mus los. Hauv EAEU lub moj khaum, Belarus siv cov nqi se kev lis kev cai sib koom ua ke, thiab cov tshuab xa tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov nqi se tshwj xeeb raws li Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam Tuam Tshoj-Eurasian Economic Union, yog tias muaj HS code raug (feem ntau 8436.10 rau cov tshuab ua zaub mov) thiab daim ntawv pov thawj keeb kwm (Daim Ntawv E) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Belarus, kev xaiv lub tshuab pellet uas muaj lub nplhaib tuag tsis yog tsuas yog kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom xwb - nws yog kev cog lus ua haujlwm mus sij hawm ntev. Lub nplhaib tuag, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm cov pellet, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab kev saib xyuas zaus.
2. Qhov Zoo ntawm Cov Khoom Noj Broiler Pellet: Cov Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Ntsuas
2.1 Pellet Durability Index (PDI)
Qhov zoo ntawm cov pellet hauv kev tsim cov broiler raug ntsuas los ntawm Pellet Durability Index (PDI), uas ntsuas feem pua ntawm cov pellets uas tseem nyob zoo tom qab kev sim tumbling. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no:
1. Ib qho qauv pellet txias uas sawv cev rau kev ntsuas raug lim kom tshem tawm cov khoom me me uas twb muaj lawm; qhov hnyav ua ntej dov tau sau tseg ua $W_{\text{before}}$.
2. Cov qauv no raug muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj (piv txwv li, Pfost lossis Holmen) rau lub sijhawm teem tseg.
3. Tom qab dov, cov qauv raug rov lim dua; cov pellets uas tseem zoo raug hnyav ($W_{\text{after}}$).
PDI (%) = \frac{W_{tom qab}}{W_{ua ntej}} \times 100
Rau cov qaib broiler pub, PDI ntawm ≥ 90–95% yog suav tias yog kev lag luam lees txais. Cov nqi PDI siab cuam tshuam nrog kev noj zaub mov zoo dua, qhov hnyav nce zoo dua, thiab qhov piv hloov pauv pub tsawg dua (FCR).
2.2 Kev Pab Txhawb Nqa ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Ua Khoom
Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuab qhia tias kev tsim cov khoom thiab kev sib tsoo ua rau kwv yees li 60% ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov pellet, thaum cov txheej txheem pelleting nws tus kheej pab txhawb rau 40% seem. Hauv cov txheej txheem pelleting, peb yam tseem ceeb uas tshuab tswj tau:
- Kev Tswj: Qhov kub ntawm cov pa thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia ua rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej gelatinization, uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj qaib.
- Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pwm: Qhov sib piv ntawm kev sib zog, txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov, thiab qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm cov pellet thiab PDI.
- Txias: Kev txias tsis txaus ua rau cov pellets tawg, ua rau cov pellet tawg tom qab.
3. Kev Siv Tshuab Ua Qhov Rau Lub Qhov Rau Lub Nplhaib: Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Kev Zoo ntawm Pellet
3.1 Cov Qauv Tsim rau Broiler Feed Ring Dies
| Cov Txheej Txheem | Qhov Ntau Yam Rau Cov Khoom Noj Broiler | Kev Siv Tshuab |
|———–|———————————-|————————|
| Txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov | 2.5–4.0 hli | Sib phim qhov loj ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab lub plab ntawm cov qaib ntxhw |
| Qhov sib piv ntawm kev nias (L/D) | 1:4 txog 1:11 | Sib npaug ntawm qhov ceev ntawm cov pellet thiab kev siv zog |
| Lub hom phiaj nyuaj | HRC 54–60 (tom qab kho cua sov) | Xyuas kom tsis txhob hnav tsis muaj kev tawg yooj yim |
| Qib khoom siv | X46Cr13 / 4Cr13 lossis 20MnCr5 / 20CrMnTi | Cov hlau tsis xeb lossis hlau alloy siab rau kev xeb thiab hnav tsis kam |
3.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom thiab Qhov Kev Ntsuas Qhov
Kev tsim cov pwm nplhaib uas muaj qhov tseeb siab ua raws li cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm sib law liag, nrog rau kev khawb qhov tob yog theem uas siv tshuab ntau tshaj plaws.
1. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv thiab kev sib tsoo: Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov khoom huv si raug sib tsoo ua cov nplhaib sib xyaw. Kev sib tsoo ua kom cov qauv nplej zoo dua thiab ua kom muaj zog dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv taus cov khoom hnyav thaum lub sijhawm ua cov khoom me me.
2. Tig thiab ua tiav: CNC lathes tshuab lub forging kom raug sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
3. Kev npaj ua ntej tho qhov: Lub pwm nyob hauv nruab nrab, thiab cov yam ntxwv pabcuam (qhov mounting, keyways) raug tshuab.
4. Kev tho qhov tob (txheej txheem tseem ceeb): Muaj ntau txhiab lub qhov raug tho los ntawm lub nplhaib tuab. Cov chaw tsim khoom niaj hnub no siv CNC tshuab tho qhov tob siv BTA lossis rab phom tho. Cov txheej txheem no xa cov dej txias siab los ntawm lub qhov tho kom yaug cov chips tas li, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ncaj thiab sab hauv du.
5. Kev tho qhov (kev tho qhov): Lub qhov nkag ntawm txhua lub qhov raug nthuav dav nrog lub pob zeb conical lossis stepped relief. Qhov no txo qhov kev sib txhuam thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub pwm, ua rau cov khoom noj mos mos tuaj yeem extrude du thiab ntev lub neej kev pabcuam pwm.
6. Kev kho cua sov: Lub pwm raug kho kom zoo li qub, kho kom sov, thiab tua hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Kev tua hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov pwm hlau tsis xeb kom tiv thaiv kev oxidation thiab tswj kom muaj qhov chaw huv si. Lub hom phiaj yog qhov nyuaj sib xws ntawm HRC 54-60 nrog qhov tsis sib xws tsawg kawg nkaus.
7. Kev siv tshuab thiab kev txhuam hniav zaum kawg: Tom qab kho cua sov, lub qhov tuag thiab cov ntsej muag raug sib tsoo tiav. Kev xaiv CNC polishing ntawm cov counterbores txo qis kev sib txhuam.
8. Kev tswj xyuas zoo: Txhua lub pwm raug kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qhov loj me, qhov nyuaj sib xws, thiab qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw ua ntej ntim khoom.
3.3 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Qhov Chaw Ua tiav ntawm PDI
Ib qho chaw ntxhib los yog qhov tsis zoo ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom noj thiab phab ntsa tuag, ua rau:
- Kev siv zog tshwj xeeb siab dua (kWh / ton)
- Ua kom cov khoom me me ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm pelleting
- Cov pellet ceev tsis sib xws
Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub qhov du thiab raug qhov yuav txo qhov kub sib txhuam, txhim kho kev tso tawm pellet, thiab pab txhawb rau PDI siab dua. Rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj Belarusian uas ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw thauj khoom txias, PDI siab yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias pellets yuav tsum tiv taus kev tuav thiab kev thauj mus los ntxiv yam tsis muaj kev tawg ntau dhau.
4. Cov Ntaub Ntawv Chaw Tsim Khoom: Kev Siv Tshuab thiab Kev Pabcuam ntawm Hongyang Feed Machinery
Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (txij no mus hu ua "Hongyang") tau tsim muaj xyoo 2006 thiab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov nplhaib tuag, cov tuag tiaj tus, cov tshuab pellet, cov tshuab hammer mills, thiab cov tshuab sib tov. Tsis zoo li cov neeg muab khoom siv dav dav, Hongyang lub peev xwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov nplhaib tuag thiab cov menyuam uas muaj qhov tseeb siab rau ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov zaub mov nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu, zaub mov hauv dej, zaub mov tsiaj, thiab cov pellets biomass.
4.1 Cov Peev Xwm Txuj Ci Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Lag Luam Belarusian
- Cov khoom siv thiab kev kho cua sov: Hongyang siv cov hlau tsis xeb zoo (piv txwv li, X46Cr13) thiab siv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom ua tiav qhov nyuaj sib xws thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Rau cov neeg siv khoom Belarusian, qhov no txhais tau tias muaj kev hloov pauv pwm tsawg dua ib lub caij tsim khoom thiab zoo dua pellet.
- CNC tho qhov tob: Lub tuam txhab siv CNC ring die drilling machines uas muaj peev xwm tsim cov qhov du thiab raug. Lub peev xwm no txhawb nqa qhov xav tau PDI siab ntawm cov mis nyuj broiler niaj hnub no.
- Kev Kho Kom Haum: Hongyang tsim cov pwm nrog cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv qhov uas haum rau cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj Belarusian uas feem ntau siv cov nplej hauv zos (nplej, barley) thiab cov hmoov taum pauv txawv teb chaws, qhov kev kho kom haum no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
- Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo: Txhua lub pwm muaj daim ntawv pov thawj khoom siv thiab cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem tawv, uas ua rau cov neeg siv khoom ua raws li EAEU cov cai tswjfwm (TR CU 010/2011 rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tshuab, TR CU 004/2011 rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob).
4.2 Kev Paub Txog Kev Xa Khoom Tawm Thiab Kev Hloov Kho Lag Luam EAEU
Cov khoom siv ntawm Hongyang tau raug xa tawm mus rau Russia, Nyab Laj, Philippines, Indonesia, Thaib, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Is Nrias teb, Pakistan, Syria, Iran, Egypt, Oman, thiab Senegal. Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw no qhia tau tias lub tuam txhab muaj peev xwm tswj hwm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ntau yam kev cai ntawv pov thawj.
Rau kev lag luam Belarusian tshwj xeeb, cov kev hloov kho hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb:
- Kev txhawb nqa daim ntawv pov thawj: Hongyang muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj los txhawb daim ntawv thov daim ntawv pov thawj GOST-B ntawm tus neeg siv khoom (lub cim EAEU uas yuav tsum tau siv rau kev xa khoom siv tshuab).
- Kev Thauj Mus Los: Cov khoom siv hnyav xws li cov tshuab pellet ring die feem ntau raug xa mus los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau uas siv China-Europe Railway Express, nrog Minsk ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Hongyang muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv rau kev thauj mus los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau mus deb, suav nrog kev ntim khoom tiv thaiv xeb thiab cov thawv tiv thaiv kev co.
- Kev pab cuam tom qab muag: Hongyang xa cov engineers mus rau kev teeb tsa hauv tsev, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev cob qhia tus neeg teb xov tooj. Rau cov neeg siv khoom Belarusian, tus qauv kev pabcuam no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev xa cov tshuab tshwj xeeb los ntawm txawv teb chaws.
4.3 Kev Teeb tsa Khoom Siv Sawv Cev
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov neeg siv khoom hauv Belarusian tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem, qhov kev teeb tsa ib txwm muaj rau lub tshuab pub zaub mov hauv Belarusian uas tab tom nrhiav kev tsim cov khoom noj broiler 5–10 t/h yuav suav nrog:
- Ib lub tshuab pellet SZLH420 lossis SZLH508, nruab nrog lub iav tsav uas raug siab thiab lub tshuab tuag uas tsis xeb (qhov txoj kab uas hla 3.0–3.5 hli, qhov sib piv ntawm kev nias sib phim nrog cov mis hauv zos).
- Cov khoom siv txhawb nqa: lub tshuab zeb rauj, lub tshuab sib tov ua ke, cov tshuaj kho mob, lub tshuab txias rov qab, thiab lub vibrating sieve.
- Qhov tshwm sim xav tau: kev tsim khoom ruaj khov ntawm lub peev xwm xav tau, PDI ≥ 92%, thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov pwm sib piv rau cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb nruab nrab mus rau qib siab.
5. Kev Sib Tham: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Qhov Zoo ntawm Lub Nplhaib Tuag rau Belarusian Feed Mills
Thaum soj ntsuam lub tshuab pellet uas muaj lub nplhaib tuag lossis lub nplhaib tuag hloov pauv, cov thawj coj ntawm Belarusian feed mill yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam hauv qab no:
1. Qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv raw: Muab tus neeg muag khoom nrog cov qauv sawv cev (daim ntawv teev cov khoom xyaw, kev faib tawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me) kom qhov sib piv ntawm kev nias thiab qhov qauv qhov tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo.
2. Thov daim ntawv pov thawj khoom siv: Thov cov ntawv qhia txog kev kuaj lub Hoobkas thiab daim ntawv qhia qhov nyuaj. Tus neeg muag khoom uas muaj npe nrov yuav muab cov no yam tsis muaj kev yig.
3. Txheeb xyuas txoj kev khawb qhov: CNC khawb qhov tob nrog cov dej txias siab yog qhov ntsuas kev lag luam tam sim no. Kev khawb phom lossis kev khawb BTA yuav tsum tau lees paub meej.
4. Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li EAEU: Xyuas kom tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem muab daim ntawv tshaj tawm EAC thiab daim ntawv hla tebchaws kev txawj ntse hauv Lavxias lossis Askiv.
5. Soj ntsuam seb puas teb tau tom qab muag: Rau Belarus, lub sijhawm xa khoom seem thiab kev muaj kev pabcuam kev txawj ntse nyob deb yog cov yam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm.
6. Xaus Lus
Kev yuav lub tshuab pellet ring die rau kev tsim cov khoom noj broiler hauv Belarus yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam. Qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub ring die yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom cov pellet ruaj khov (PDI) thiab, los ntawm kev nthuav dav, kev loj hlob ntawm broiler thiab kev siv nyiaj ntau. Cov chaw tsim khoom uas muab kev siv tshuab CNC tob tob, kev kho cua sov tswj, thiab kev hloov kho raws li daim ntawv thov - xws li Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. - tau teeb tsa zoo los pab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam hauv Belarusian.
Rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj hauv Belarus, txoj kev mus rau cov khoom noj pellets zoo tshaj plaws rau cov qaib ntxhw pib nrog kev ntsuam xyuas cov pwm nplhaib. Los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntsuas tau - qhov tiav ntawm qhov, qhov sib piv ntawm kev sib tsoo, daim ntawv pov thawj khoom siv, thiab lub peev xwm tom qab muag ntawm cov neeg muag khoom - cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yuav khoom uas xa cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas tau hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov pellet thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua piv txwv
1. EAEU Technical Regulations (TR CU 010/2011, TR CU 004/2011, TR CU 020/2011, TR EEU 048/2019).
2. Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Kev Koom Tes Ua Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam ntawm Tuam Tshoj-Eurasian Economic Union (cov kev cai tshwj xeeb txog kev them se).
3. Cov txheej txheem ntsuas Pellet Durability Index (PDI) (Pfost thiab Holmen tester methodologies).
4. Cov ntaub ntawv txog kev tsim cov pwm nplhaib: CNC qhov tob-qhov drilling, BTA thiab phom drilling daim ntawv thov hauv cov tshuab pub tsiaj.
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov lus qhia txog cov khoom.
6. HS Code 8436.10 - Cov tshuab rau kev lag luam khoom noj lossis dej haus (kev faib tawm cov tshuab ua zaub mov).
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Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-27-2026
